Amira L’nachri

אמירה לנכרי means :

Asking a non- Jew to perform any act for a Jew that is forbidden on Shabbos – מדרבנן
Asking a non – Jew to perform any act for a Jew that is forbidden on Shabbos – מדרבנן or מדאורייתא

The prohibition of אמירה לנכרי is:

מדרבנן
מדאורייתא

There are a number of reasons given for the איסור of אמירה לנכרי . Which of these is not a reason :

In order not to make שבת cheap/ unimportant in the eyes of people ,which may lead to doing מלאכה
Because asking a גוי to do a מלאכה for us makes him our shliach & שלוחו של אדם כמותו
So it shouldn’t be מראית עין
So we shouldn’t transgress the prohibition of speaking of acts forbidden on Shabbos ….ממצוא חפצך ודבר דבר

If I ask a גוי to wash dishes for me on שבת and she washes it in a non- permissible way – with a sponge & hot water , this is allowed as long as :

This act can also be done in a permissible way (with cold water & a plastic sponge )
the גוי is no longer considered the Jew’s שליח (because she’s doing things that are comfortable for herself – washing with hot water – not for the Jew )
both a & b

Hinting to a non- Jew to do a מלאכה for you on Shabbos is not allowed because :

it’s part of the prohibition of ‘speaking of weekday things
The no -Jew is acting as the Jew’s שליח
both a &b

Clearly telling a non- Jew to do a מלאכה for you on Shabbos is not allowed because :

It’s part of the prohibition of ‘speaking of weekday things’
The non-Jew is acting as the Jew’s שליח
both a&b

Allowed or not allowed :

Asking a non-Jew to do something permitted – A with the intention of the non- Jew doing something prohibited ( like telling him to open the door so light can come in / but really intending

allowed ( because it’s not like he’s the Jew’s shliach to do the forbidden act )
not allowed ( bec it is like he’s like the Jew’s shliach to do the forbidden act / there’s instruction being given here )

Allowed or not allowed :

Telling a non-Jew during the week ‘Why didn’t you turn on the lights for us this past Shabbos.. as if to hint that he should do it this coming Shabbos

allowed ( because the hint is being said during the week & is not an issue of ‘pursuing & speaking of weekday matters ‘)
not allowed ( because it’s hinting to a forbidden act which is ‘pursuing & speaking of weekday matters’ )

In what case is it permitted for a non-Jew to do a melacha for a Jew on Shabbos ?

If it’s from his own initiative
If he knows the Jew ( receives favors from him)
If the Jew’s body doesn’t directly benefit (at that moment ) from the melacha
all of the above
a&c

Why is the above (#9) permitted

Because the non- Jew is not acting as a shliach of the Jew
Because the non-Jew is a stranger to him

Why is it permitted to ask a non-Jewish worker ok Shabbos ‘Does it seem that you’ll be a available ( to do work ) for me in the evening ?’

Because it’s not considered a shlichus (there’s no instruction being given here / only a question)
Because It’s not considered clearly ‘speaking weekday matters ‘ / ממצוא חפצך ודבר דבר )
a&b

If a Jew states a fact ( ‘it’s dark in here ‘)and because of this the non- Jew understands that he is needed to do a melacha ( turn on the light) ,it is permitted – on certain conditions .

Which of these is not a condition

If the non- Jew does not know ( receive favors from) the Jew
If the Jew’s body does not directly ( on the spot) benefit from the melacha
If the non-Jew knows ( receives favors ) from the Jew

True or False :

In the above case , if any of the conditions are not there , the Jew ‘ must protest ‘ the non- Jew’s actions and may not derive benefit from the melacha that was done

True
False

What is a שכיר יום ?

a worker who gets paid by the job/contractor
a worker who gets paid by the hour / day

What is a קבלן?

a worker who is paid by the job/ contractor
a worker who gets paid by the hour /day

What is a שכיר שנה?

a worker who gets paid by the month / year
a worker who gets paid by the job

Why is a שכיר יום not allowed to do מלאכה for us on Shabbos ?

Because the way they get paid puts them in the category of ‘the Jew’s shliach ‘ ( they are reliant on the Jew on a day to day basis )
Because the way they get paid puts them in the category of ‘ independent of the Jew’ and not reliant on them

A קבלן may do work for a Jew on Shabbos on 4 conditions .

Which of these is not one of the conditions ?

If the work doesn’t specifically have to be done on Shabbos ( the Jew didn’t give an exact deadline
The non-Jew knows how much he’s being paid , in advance / he’s working so he can be paid
The Jew has to supply him with the materials before Shabbos .
The Jew should pay the non- Jew before Shabbos
The work should be done in a way that there’s no מראית עין / that you can’t see that the non-Jew is working for the Jew

A שכיר שנה may :

not at all do work for a Jew on Shabbos
only do work for a Jew on Shabbos on his own initiative
do the work he was hired for on Shabbos , as long as he was not told that the work should be done on Shabbos
b&c

If a Jew told a non-Jew to do work for him on Shabbos , it is forbidden to benefit from the work until after Shabbos and through the time of בכדי שיעשה

What does בכדי שיעשה mean ?

The amount of time it took the non-Jew to do that specific מלאכה
The amount of time it took for the Jew to instruct the non-Jew to do the מלאכה

)True or False :

If a Jew sees a non- Jew doing a מלאכה for them on Shabbos , he must protest and tell him not to do the מלאכה – unless the non- Jew is permitted to do the מלאכה for them ( as in the case of a קבלן )

True
False

Allowed or not allowed :

Telling a non- Jew clearly to do a מדרבנן prohibition for the sake of a mitzva and deriving benefit from it

Allowed
Not allowed

Which of these is not an example for the above Halacha :

Telling a non-Jew to carry a knife for a ברית in a כרמלית
Telling a non – Jew to do חזרה ( return a pot that was on the fire back to the fire ) for the sake of having hot food for my guests
Telling a non-Jew to turn on a fire to heat food for the sake of having hot food for my guests

In certain cases it is permitted to tell a non-Jew to transgress a מדאורייתא prohibition .

Which of these is not one of those cases:

For the needs of a חולה שיש/ שאין בו סכנה( a child , too)
In a case of discomfort
If holy writings are being ruined ( תפילין , מזוזות)
In a case of extreme cold , to turn on heat
For the purpose of performing a ברית מילה or to prevent pain to animals

True or False:

A Jew may instruct a non- Jew to do a מלאכה that involves פסיק רישא / a permitted act whose direct result is something forbidden ( opening a refrigerator door – whose lights are on)

True
False

True or False:

In regard to אמירה לנכרי ,The time period of בין השמשות has the same halachic status as the rest of Shabbos

True
False

In certain cases it is permitted to tell a non-Jew to perform a מדרבנן prohibition for us.

Which one of these is not one of those cases ?

a case when I’m eager to get a job done
a case of great loss / great need or when a Jew is in pain
for the sake of a mitzvah
for human dignity

Amira L'nachri

Seder Nashim June 4, 2024

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